Supply Chain Case 1

Case Study 1 BioPharma, Inc. 1. How should BioPharma have used its production network in 2009? Should any of the plants have been idled? What is the annual cost of your proposal, including import duties? It produces and sells its same kind of products in both of chemicals for any parts of the world. If its plants in one country are not enough products, it would move products from other countries to add the number of products that are sold in this country. Plants of Relax in Germany and Japan have been idled. The total annual cost is $1,488. 1 million including: * Total Transportation Cost is $24. 85 million * Total Production Cost is $1,268. 31 million * Total Tariffs is $195. 15 million 2. How should Phil structure his global production network? Assume that the past is a reasonable indicator of the future in terms of exchange rates. Dollar and Peso have been decreased to compare with the Euro, Real, Rupee and the Yen the last three years include 2007, 2008, and 2009. However, the bu siness cycle needs to retain capacity and capabilities throughout the entire supply chain. Therefore, production can be diverted as currencies move against each other. 3. Is there any plant for which it may be worth adding a million kilograms of additional capacity at a fixed cost of $3 million per year? There is no any plant for which it may be worth adding a million kilograms of additional capacity at a fixed cost of $3 million per year. 4. How are your recommendations affected by the reduction of duties? If the BioPharma, Inc. wants to reduce duties, it would increase production in Germany, Japan, and The U. S. nd decrease imports into Latin America, Asia without Japan, and Mexico. 5. The analysis has assumed that each plant has a 100 percent yield (percent output of acceptable quality). How would you modify your analysis to account for yield differences across plants? To change the percentage yield, BioPharma, Inc. need to desert capacity or decrease the amount of shipment. 6. What other factors should be accounted for when making your recommendations? Factors should b e accounted for when making my recommendations such as disasters, delay, inaccurate forecasting, and inventory.

Intangible Asset or Liability Essay

CSR requires organizations to adopt a broader view of its responsibilities that includes not only stockholders, but many other constituencies as well, including employees, suppliers, customers, the local community, local, state, and federal governments, environmental groups, and other special interest groups. Although CSR is often spoken of as if it were a relatively new concept, it is in fact an idea with a long pedigree. In the 1950s, the chief executive officer of the American retailer Sears said that the â€Å"four parties to any business in the order of their importance† were â€Å"customers, employees, community and stockholders†. Current discussions about CSR evoke old questions about the place of corporations in society, the manner in which corporations are governed, and the ways in which corporate governance arrangements do not compel corporations to respond to claims from society, in addition to claims from shareholders. While CSR is an old idea, its emergence as a significant factor in relation to corporate decision-making is relatively new. The old idea – CSR – has been rising over the past 10 years or so to a prominent place on the corporate agenda. The world is witnessing what appears to be a transformation in popular views about the role of business in society that is on a par with major shifts in attitude, at other points in history, about large issues such as racial discrimination, the environment, and the role of women. By the end of that decade, popular opinion about the role of business in society had evolved to a point which suggested a widespread rejection of Friedman’s â€Å"the business of business is business† dictum. The reason for the shift can be attributed to various factors such as; globalization, loss of trust, society activism, and institutional investor interest in CSR. These trends suggest that there is both a growing perception that corporations must be more accountable to society for their actions, and a growing willingness and capacity within society to impose accountability on corporations. This has profound implications for corporate governance. CSR in India With the retreat of the state in economic activity in India, the imperative for business to take up wider social responsibilities is growing. The situation is complex and India is facing a compounded set of corporate responsibility challenges. At all levels, there is a felt need for companies to graduate to strategic interventions in CSR, which at present in many cases remain ad hoc. There are many companies that may spend for long-term development. A sense of strategic direction is a vital component in an effective approach to corporate responsibility. Yet, for all these signs of progress, CSR in India has yet to realize its full potential. Individual and collaborative initiatives continue to be dominated by self-assertion rather than accountability. There is certainly no lack of CSR programs and projects in India: what is absent, however, are clear metrics for evaluating their actual impact in improving social conditions. Many Indian business houses, private sector and public sector companies have undertaken major initiatives till date and have adopted several modes of practice related to CSR in India. Several innovative measures have also been adopted by companies towards the institutionalization of CSR that includes CSR initiatives by Lupin, Cipla, Ranbaxy, NIIT, TCS, BPCL, and Ion Exchange. To understand the current status of CSR in India, it is important first to map out the landscape and identify the main families of corporate responsibility. For long-established industrial dynasties, such as the Birlas and the Tatas, concepts of nation- building and trusteeship have been alive in their operations long before CSR become a popular cause.

Problems on Early Marriages

In our research paper we looked at young marriages especially of those in college. This topic was of interest to us because of our college careers and upcoming marriage. Jeremy is currently a junior in chemical engineering and I am a junior in elementary education. We ourselves feel that a college marriage would work although it will be hard. We will now discuss the literature we looked at regarding young marriage. To begin our discussion we will first give a definition of an adolescent. The term adolescent â€Å"refers to the post pubertal population younger than twenty years of age who have a distinctive life-style; for those immediately younger the term young adults is used†(John and Pat Caldwell, 1998). Adolescence is socially defined. It is seen there as an instrument for social change and prepares you for adult life in societies where adolescence is found. Adolescence is associated with the following: going to school, trying to achieve occupational positions, and creating boy- girl friendships. Adolescence is associated with the moving away from agrarian society to full-time education which is needed in complex societies (John and Pat Caldwell,1998). In the study of adolescence there has been a huge interest in adolescent marriage and childbirth. Marital instability has been directly linked to adolescent marriage and childbirth. When this occurs the adolescent is forced into the role of a parent and they are not able to fully develop their own identity or learn the importance of intimacy (Teti and Lamb, 1989). Adolescent marriage has been shown to have an effect on lowering their socioeconomic status and stability in the marriage. Adolescents that are married and have children with their new responsibilities now have less time for what is really important which is their education. Adolescence is a time that should be focused on education. Women who gave birth in adolescence completed less than eleven years of education. Those who had adolescent marriages and kids completed 11. 82 years of education. Women who only had an adolescent marriage and did not have children completed 12. 9 years of education (Teti and Lamb, 1989). Marriage and children at such a young age obviously have a negative affect on education. Education has a great impact on a person†s social and economic status. At the end of a person†s adolescent phase they are ready to enter college. Some college students today are not ready for college though. Parents should make sure that their kids can cope with everyday responsibilities such as food and transportation, budget money and time, resolve conflicts, be able to make decisions, and have goals suggests an excerpt from an article in USA Today. It is a large change from having their parents there to help them deal with their problems. College is the time to grow and find out who you truly are and what you want to do with the rest of your life. Some couples are finding themselves having to make compromises within their relationships when it comes to their careers. Less young couples have to compromise their careers for their partner. Universities are offering jobs to young couples to keep them together. Deans are even offering departments extra money to create new positions for the spouses (Wilson, 1996). Upon looking at our research material, we feel that couples should get married in college. In college you learn greater responsibilities and how to make life choices, which enables you to live a more mature adult life. After learning about these things in college you are able to take on the responsibilities of a married life. We have found that colleges are flexible with working with the married couple. We are now going to look at different marital roles. There are the instrumental or traditional model and the companionship or egalitarian model. The difference between the two is the difference between husband and wife relationship. In the instrumental model the husband brings in the majority of the household income and takes care of the finances, the wife on the other hand, stays home and takes care of the children. The companionship model stresses more of a friendship and mutual sharing of responsibilities between spouses. In this model the roles for spouses can be reversible (Pollock, Die, and Marriott, 1989). We feel that the companionship model works because it allows open lines of communication, which we feel is very important to a marriage. The method that we used was a survey consisting of five questions. The questions all dealt with our problem of should people get married in college. We used our sociology class as a convenience sample. The ages of the students in our class ranged from 18 to 30 or older. This gave us a broad age group to give us enough information on our topic. We decided to do a survey because it was the quickest, simplest, and most direct method to gather the information on our topic. We collected our data from the students at the beginning before class started. We handed out the surveys and allowed them to complete them at their leisure. As stated earlier all of our questions dealt with marriage and the ages at which it should be appropriate to marry. Our first question asked at what age is it acceptable to get married. We gave them a list of the ages above but broke them into categories. They were as follows: 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, and 30 and above years of age. We asked them to circle their response. The second question asked them the best age to get married. We used the same format as in question 1 for their responses. In order to distinguish between acceptable and best we can describe it in this manner. Acceptable ages in which to get married dealt with the way in which society would look at it. The best age to get married would show their personal views on the topic. Question 3 was what made the rest of our survey come together. This question asked should people get married in college. The same was asked as in question 1 and 2, to circle their answer; yes or no. The fourth question asked what characteristics you would chose in finding a partner. The characteristics are looks, race, religion, age, education, social status, and values. We came up with the above characteristics after reading Peplau, Hill, and Rubin†s article on â€Å"Sex Role Attitudes in Dating and Marriage: A Fifteen Year Follow-up of the Boston Couple Study† in the Journal of Social Issues. We asked them to check all characteristics that were important to them. In question 5 we asked them to indicate their gender and asked them to circle their age groups. In our five-question survey on marriage we polled a college sociology class which consisted of a sample size of 31. We broke up our age groups from 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, and 30 and above. Our first question was on the most acceptable age to get married. The majority of the students chose 18-21 to be the most acceptable at 47 percent. The minority, however came out to be 30 and above at 3 percent. * Note: One student survey was discarded because they indicated all answers as being correct. Our next question asked at what age is it best to be married. Students said 22-25 was best, being the majority, at 74 percent. On the other hand, the minority was 18-21 at 3 percent. All surveys now being included. The third question addressed the issue of whether or not people should get married in college. The majority of our sample size said no at 52 percent. The amount of students saying yes was close at 48 percent. The fourth question asked for characteristics of the person you would marry. The characteristics given are follows: looks, race, religion, age, education, social status, and values. We will start off with the majority being values, surprisingly everyone agreed. Looks, age, education, and race were all very close. Looks came out to be 65 percent, age and education were tied for 61 percent, and race was 58 percent. Social status was the minority in this case at 29 percent. Our last question had two parts to it. The first was to indicate their gender and the second was to specify their age group. Our survey indicated that majority was females consisting of 23 and there were 8 males. Majorities of students were ages 18-21 at 77 percent, then there were 30 and above which represented 13 percent, next was 26-29 at 6 percent. And last was 22-25 at 3 percent. The results of our survey were rather interesting. When looking at our results we found that there was quite a difference between the best and acceptable ages to get married. The majority of the students chose the age group of 18-21 years as being the most acceptable to get married. On the other hand, the students chose 22-25 years as the best ages to get married. We found this to be interesting because although you can get married at 18-25 it may be best to wait until ages 22-25 according to our survey. This may be because the majority of students surveyed were 18-21. The question can then be raised of if they really think they are ready to get married at 18-21 years of age, and obviously they do not since they chose 22-25 years as the best age to get married. At the ages of 18-21 people are just entering college and learning how to make it in the world and they are pursuing a degree if they are in college. At eighteen a person is just old enough to vote and serve in the Armed Forces, but they still can†t buy liquor. Society does not think that an 18-20 year old is mature enough to buy liquor, so should they be able to get married at that age. The first few years of college are good years to learn life lessons and the different characteristics that you will need to make it in the world as we talked about earlier in our research. I think that the students realized this and many of them felt that they would rather finish college around the age of twenty-five and then start their careers and their new family. The majority of the students surveyed agreed that you should not get married in college, but the it was only a very narrow margin between those who said that it was alright to get married in college compared to those who thought that you should not. Once married you have to be ready to start a family and of course be open to the possibility of having children. Children take up a lot of a parent†s time as well as a lot of a family†s income. Having children while in college could very well hurt your chances of getting an education as we saw in the data presented about adolescent mothers. At the age of 22-25 years many college students have a bachelor†s degree and are then ready to start their new careers. Their jobs would also bring along the financial stability needed to maintain the needs of a family. The age bracket of 22-25 would have the better financial ability to support a family and we are sure that the students took this into consideration when they filled out this survey. The characteristics that the students chose for the person that they would some day want to marry were interesting. Everyone selected the values of the person to be important to them, which truly is important since values are passed down from parents to children. Twenty students out of the thirty-one that were surveyed chose looks to be important to them. A person should and will be attracted to the person that they decide to marry. The interesting thing was the fact that nineteen people chose education to be important while only nine people chose social status to be important. These two things really go hand in hand though. Education is a way to that people can use to rise above their current social status. The data that we looked at showed us those adolescents that are married and have children have a lower chance of getting an education above the high school level and therefore end up having a lower social and economic status. Social status is also related to education in the way that some of the people in lower social status may not have the same opportunities that people with a higher social status might have. They may not be able to get into college or if they do not go as far in college as they could if they had more money at their disposal. They also may not know people in important places that may be able to help them get into the school that they wanted to or to get the job that they wanted. Social status also has to deal with a person†s values. A person who has less than someone else may be able to appreciate more what they have than others that take what they have for granted. There were characteristics that went hand in hand almost in the survey that people seemed to have overlooked. The question that we looked at in this paper was should people get married in college. After reviewing the data on adolescent marriages, we would have to agree with the information that we collected from our survey that 22-25 was the best age to get married. People in the 18-21 range are still considered as adolescents and still have a lot of growing up to do. By the ages of 22-25 students have learned how to live by themselves and have possibly even earned a degree to support themselves and a new family if it were their choice to get married. I guess we should really say that we agree with getting married later in your college years after you have learned how to take care of yourself so that you in turn can take care of someone else.

Legal Transplants in Todays Global World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Transplants in Todays Global World - Essay Example Amidst the debate, one thing is clear - transplanting foreign rules requires extreme caution and thorough consideration because despite the success of early European countries with it, legal transplants are not for everyone. However, with the advent of globalization and the increasing integration of national economies as a result of it, legal transplants have become not only a trend, but a rule at times. As this paper will argue, globalization, as a driving force for economic integration, has influenced the growth of legal transplants and created both formal and informal institutions that are forcing countries to hastily, if not blindly, copy foreign commercial laws with little consideration to the country's culture and historical experience, thus rendering the transplant unsuccessful. Brings laws and legal cultures into more direct, frequent, intimate, and often complicated and stressed contact. It influences what legal professionals want and need to know about foreign law, how they transfer, acquire, and process information, and how decisions are made. This influence takes effect in two ways. ... Triggered by the desire for a better investment climate in their home country and a more market-oriented home economy to aid in their business endeavors, these individuals can pressure local legal professionals to adopt better commercial and economic laws utilized in other jurisdictions. Thus, the increased flow of information brought about by a globalised world can influence those individuals who are directly affected by these laws, who in turn influence the politicians and law makers who supply them. Faced with pressures from those who demand better economic and commercial laws, lawmakers often result to legal transplants because of the simplicity and efficiency of the process of adopting these laws compared to the harrowing course that can take place in creating new ones. A second effect of globalization is the external pressures that come from other countries, international organizations, and trade associations, forcing legal transplants on countries in an effort to create a harmonized world economy. One of the consequences of globalization is the need to harmonize economic laws the world over to facilitate a more efficient global trading environment and create free markets. As a result, international organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) force countries, wanting to be members to adopt certain economic laws to foster the country's trading environment. Another international organization, International Monetary Fund (IMF), also forces countries wanting their assistance for loans to adopt certain policies that have been proven effective in most developed countries. In this regard, globalization has effectively created institutions that induce legal transplants, if not force them, on developing countries. Thus, a legal

Analyze diets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze diets - Essay Example The Atkins diet and South Beach diet vary in their carb phases, intake, and convenience, giving people more alternatives between low carb diets (Bowden, p.9). A person will know and make a decision which diet may work well for them by distinguishing the differences and similarities among these two diets. South Beach and Atkins diets both begin with a strict two-week introduction/induction phase where carbs are controlled. A person will bid adios to pasta, rice, sugar, bread and even alcohol as he/she is on proteins and select non-starchy vegetables. After this phase, healthy carbs like fruits and whole grains are gradually reintroduced, and dieters stick on this phase until their target weight is realized. The third phase, permanent phase, is intended to assist followers keep the pounds off by working a more moderate version of the program as a way of life. One of the main differences among the two diets is their structure. Atkins is vastly disciplined, necessitating dieters to observe of every carb they consume (Atkins, p.1) Food choices are more limited on Atkins, which may be a risk to food lovers that get jaded easily. In comparison, South Beach dieters are advised to test with a range of foods so as to find the low-carb alternatives that appeal most to them (Agatston, p. 5) Desserts are permitted on South Beach, and this polite allowance assists dieters remain to the program and be motivated. Another difference between the two diets is health. Both programs depend on recipes that include animal and other fats, but South Beach strains lean meat. Many physicians have expressed distress over the high level of saturated fats taken by Atkins dieters. Bacon cheeseburgers and ham may make them think they’ve achieved their health goal but an Atkins dieter that makes a decision to take the protein to justify binging on high-fat foods isn’t going to get happy results from their doctor at their annual medical check-up. South Beach takes a stronger stress on

Self management can enhance life long learning Essay

Self management can enhance life long learning - Essay Example Self management can enhance life long learning The ability for one to be able to manage both social and health matters in an effective way is a necessary thing for development. This essay will discuss how proper management of oneself gives one lifelong lessons. Own current skills and competencies Knowledge is attainable through observation, keen listening, and even different experiences in the day-to-day running. Group work also helps reveal one’s strengths and weaknesses. My skill and competence in management has been enhanced through adequate learning and consultations. The learning process takes time and involves one’s readiness to the activities involved. As such, there is a need for one to research and identify the main aspects they may want to get in management of different factors in the society to use in the life-long run. These aspects give one competence in the times and in their field of management. One acquires the relevant skills and knowledge and therefore their performance gets commendable. To be an e ffective manager, I need to have relevant education skills to make them more competent and professional on the duties they perform. Personal attribute in realizing their capabilities, attributes, and values help determine their effectiveness in handling different issues. This shows that there are different levels that describe how competitive and successful one is.Moreover, how ones competence is applicable in different issues is determined by the skills. Some of the roles interrelate and therefore involve the use of similar values in management. One’s personal behavior and attitudes affect their ability to gain competence and effectively apply it. Learning, a continuous process in life, as we grow old it never stops and helps in advancements of our values and quality of our ability to handle issues. Therefore, since learning is infinite I need to limitlessly learn to perfectly master skills though they keep changing with time (Phillips and Gully, 2012:234). To maintain my pr ofessional standard and organizational objectives, I learn from others despite the profiles or even social status. In learning, one needs to humble and understand that they always have something to learn from anyone no matter how minor they may seem. Humility is also a necessary aspect that they should possess to help them gain an understanding of whatever issue is at hand, and this gives them an advantage to handle most of the challenges in life (Ingleby & Clive, 2012:537). Through lessons acquired, I have significantly advanced in my career and for use in the life long run. Adult education should not be taken lightly; it does not involve so much effort for one to acquire it. In clubs, churches, cinemas, concerts, political societies and even at homes through books, gardens, friends, music, and workshops are some of the ways it is acquired (Lokanadha, 1997: 47). Through self-directing, I am able to acquire lifelong education. People instilling the knowledge and conducting the learn ing activity should be reflective and give relevant examples to enable the learner use the knowledge attained in their daily lives. To acquire the necessary information, I first think on my own learning is made to improve on one's thinking and reasoning ability. Learning strategies and motivations are necessary to give me the morale of

South China Sea and the possible construct of a multi-national joint Research Paper

South China Sea and the possible construct of a multi-national joint force command - Research Paper Example The study was undertaken through a qualitative analysis approach. The analysis was aimed at answering the question will multi-national joint force enable global unity? If so, what ways can we use to undertake the process. Information from previous sources concerning the same issue was used to come up with constructive details to answer this question. The independent variables identified were the multi-national force whereas global development depended on the national relationships between different countries in order for peace and harmony to prevail. Scholarly articles by distinguished researchers on the area were thoroughly relied on to bring out a clear picture. The study will aim at identifying the relationship between the multi-national joint force and its impact on the future stability on the world’s economy and security. The results that will be obtained will be useful in making amendments to daily decision in regard to the future prediction. Another objective of the study will be recognizing the factors in organizing the multi-national joint force to ensure that the interests of the affected countries are considered. The results that will be obtained will be used to ensure that necessary amendments are put into place for the equity of all parties involved. The hypothesis developed suggests that there exists a significant relationship between multi-national partnership between different countries and the stability of the future world’s economy and security. Due to the increasing and high probability that tension will continue in the South China Sea region, there is need to determine the impact of constructing a multinational national joint force structure on the world’s future stability. United States’ engagement in military, economic and social involvement with the pacific region has a positive impact. Various researches have been conducted to identify the

Business Letter And Literature Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Letter And Literature Summary - Essay Example Finally, on all your future travels with us, kindly expect the best kind of service that only Virgin Atlantic could offer. Once again, we sincerely apologize for the inconveniences that we have caused you on board our flight from Mumbai to Heathrow. Also, we would like to thank you once again for your continued patronage to Virgin Atlantic and for helping us point out the problems with respect to our services so that we can ensure the betterment thereof, to provide only the best service to our loyal customers like you. Thank you very much and Good Day! Sincerely Yours, _________________________ Marketing Manager Virgin Atlantic Introduction Studies conducted with respect to customer retention have focused on the manner by which the customers respond once the issue of service failures has become an important aspect thereof (Zemke 1995). Parenthetically, researches that have been conducted in relation to this topic have highlighted the importance of the so-called â€Å"mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises (Yockel 1997; Zemke 1995).† Evidently, the latter is considered as the primary basis that underscores service relationships. Service recovery is thus deemed necessary most especially when the manner by which a corporation delivers a particular service tends to go wrong (Nguyen 2006). In a nutshell, service recovery has been referred to as that effort of the company aimed towards providing the customers and the clients with the outcome they desire even though the latter has already experienced a failure in the previous delivery (Young and Burgess 2010; Yockel 1997). Service recovery is also concerned with the adoption of pertinent steps and measures to prevent the commission of the same mistake (Nguyen 2006;... Studies conducted with respect to customer retention have focused on the manner by which the customers respond once the issue of service failures has become an important aspect thereof (Zemke 1995). Parenthetically, researches that have been conducted in relation to this topic have highlighted the importance of the so-called â€Å"mutual exchange and fulfillment of promises (Yockel 1997; Zemke 1995).† Evidently, the latter is considered as the primary basis that underscores service relationships. Service recovery is thus deemed necessary most especially when the manner by which a corporation delivers a particular service tends to go wrong (Nguyen 2006). In a nutshell, service recovery has been referred to as that effort of the company aimed towards providing the customers and the clients with the outcome they desire even though the latter has already experienced a failure in the previous delivery (Young and Burgess 2010; Yockel 1997). Service recovery is also concerned with th e adoption of pertinent steps and measures to prevent the commission of the same mistake (Nguyen 2006; Osborne 2004; Tschohl 2005). It is then because of this that the importance of service recovery has been underscored in the field of service management and service marketing. Without a doubt, service recovery strategies are deemed of paramount importance in view of its ability to positively affect customer loyalty as the former somehow prevents the turnover of those who have been previously dissatisfied with the service provided

Overview on coral reef re-plantation in X-Sea port area Essay

Overview on coral reef re-plantation in X-Sea port area - Essay Example In many parts of the world, the coral population has undergone a massive reduction due to various human factors. The health of the coral reefs has been steadily declining over the past few decades. Environmental pollution and rampant destructive fishing practices damage the delicate corals. Nutrients seeping into the sea from agricultural areas cause the algae in the sea to increase in volume. This causes smothering of the corals and leads to decrease in size of coral reefs. Quite recently, the decrease in the coral populations has been attributed to a dozen or more deceases that attack corals. Many of these diseases were unknown until recently. Coral reefs have also been affected by bleaching. Bleaching is the discoloration or loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae. In 1979 and 1980, several incidents of coral bleaching occurred at reefs around Okinawa, Easter Island, northeast Australia, and the Caribbean Sea. Outbreaks of bleaching also occurred in 1982 and 1983, including reefs off east Africa, Indonesia, and the west coast of Central and South America, and from 1986 to 1988 in areas such as Taiwan, Hawaii, Fiji, Mayotte Island, and the entire length of the Great Barrier Reef. The most extensive bleaching episode ever documented occurred in 1998 and affected reefs in the Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and Caribbean Sea. In some areas 100 percent of the corals were bleached and more than 70 percent of the corals died. (Smith 2003) Taking the rapidly declining coral population and the vulnerability of corals various measure are being taken in many countries to prevent further damage to the corals. Some of these steps include strict vigilance on fishing practices, artificial plantation of corals etc. Methods of coral community rehabilitation included coral transplantation and translocation, reattachment of coral fragments, providing artificial substrata, coral cultivation, prevention measures, and mitigation of damaged coral reefs. (Yeemin No

Bank of China †Survey of products and services provided Essay Example for Free

Bank of China – Survey of products and services provided Essay Personal Banking. In the personal banking segment one of the principal products and services include deposit products. The Bank of China provides a variety of deposit products including foreign currency deposits. It has also included multifunctional debit card which can assist financial planning. (Deposits, 2006). It has also got a facility for deposit collections at different places which facilitate those with transferable jobs or changing residences frequently to follow up their deposits without any geographical constraints (Deposits, 2006). Deposit Certificates are being issued by the Bank for people’s needs for studying abroad, visiting relatives or for domestic requirements. (Deposits, 2006). The bank also provides facilities for payment of fees, providing pay to employees, stock fund transfer service and handling of securities trading services. (Deposits, 2006). In addition Personal Checks are provided for high value account holders for making large purchases which are beyond the credit card limits allotted. (Personal Check, 2006). In the loans segment, Bank of China is providing a variety of loans to its personal customers. The primary loans include educational loans which can be commercial or state. The latter are at discounted interests by the central financial authorities in China, while commercial loans are for financing tuition and other fees which is supported privately. (Loans, 2006). Auto loans include financing for purchase of cars. In addition there are travel loans to facilitate in board as well as out board travel which however has to be only through approved travel company services as per bank norms. (Loans, 2006). There are petty consumer credit loans which are provided for facilitating normal consumption needs of customers such as labor service and fee payments. (Loans, 2006). For such purposes the client is required to be credit worthy. A normal service provided by the Bank is renting of safe deposit box. (Loans, 2006). Another important service provided by the bank is that of Bancassurance, which involves a tie up with the insurance companies, providing the client a full range of services to include insurance, premiums on policy and preservation at a savings outlet in BOC. (Bancassurance, 2006). Corporate Banking. In the corporate banking sector, the Bank of China has a strong presence with a global profile. Its experience and expertise is seen to be of particular benefit to the Chinese businessman seeking to do business globally. (Corporate, 2006) The bank claims to provide unique services based on its ability to assess market sensitivity. The various corporate services provided by the bank include financing for trade, risk controls, protection of risk of debt and is extending even further to management of ledger and collection. (Corporate, 2006). In the loans segment the various types of loans include providing working capital to the companies, for financing projects, real estate businesses, fixed assets and loans on foreign currency. (Corporate, 2006) Business is provided finance in various forms of credit such as a normal credit line, credit for export buyers, finance lease guarantees, credit for export sellers, accounts receivable purchases and labor service contracts. (Corporate, 2006). For international businesses, the services provided include both inward and outward remittance, collection of letters of credit for both imports and exports, bill discounting, packing loan and guarantees for businesses and shipping. (Corporate, 2006). The investment banking services include a financial advisory service, cash management, loan trusts and agent bank business. The bank has also developed extensive e banking services to include i-banking, telephone banking and mobile phone banking. These services are seen to be highly effective in providing the corporate a variety of mediums of interaction on the World Wide Web. (Corporate, 2006). In the segment of foreign exchange and settlement, it is the lead bank in China and hence enjoys considerable leverage in the Chinese banking industry. This caters for individual and personal foreign exchange needs. (Forex, 2006). It has also facilities for forward transactions in foreign exchange Global business facilities include same day facility of funds transfer with the GLOBAL NICS programme in place which enables transactions across 581 overseas branches in 26 countries and regions on a single computer network. (Global, 2006). Linked to SWIFT communications, it enables a safe and speedy transaction for business persons. This is particularly significant with the extensive network of the Bank within China comprising of over 12,000 branches. It also facilitates international clients to transfer money within China speedily. (Global, 2006). Overseas Presence. The Banks overseas presence has been consistently growing after the China Development Finance Company (HK) was established in 1979, followed by Bank of China Groups Securities Limited in 1983, Bank of China International UK Ltd 1996 and Bank of China International in Hong Kong in 1998. (BOCI, 2006). The subsequent entry of BOCI into mainland has provided it added opportunity to establish close links with stable Chinese corporations to include China National Petroleum Corporation, State Development Investment Corporation, China General Technology (Group) Holdings Limited and so on. (BOCI, 2006) This enables strengthening of the financial link of the Bank providing it greater stability in the international as well as national banking domains. (BOCI, 2006). Banking Facilitation. The BOC is also an agent bank for a large number of other banks providing them the services of consignment banking to manage loans between borrowers and the agent bank. The consignment banks include China Import and Export Bank and the State Development Bank. (Agent, 2006). This provides the client bank the advantage of drawing upon the experience, expertise and network of a larger bank with an international presence as the BOC. A relatively high quality of service is said to be provided to the agent bank by BOC. Generally a tripartite agreement is signed between the BOC, the client bank and the borrower. (Agent, 2006).

Irony in Rip Van Winkle

Irony in Rip Van Winkle Washington Irving used so much irony in his short story Rip Van Winkle. The title character is a youthful married Dutch American who has a kind and generous nature. The main character is located in Catskill Mountains of New York way before the American Revolution. Reluctant to profitable labor, the character prefers rambles within the mountains, sitting under the shade gossiping with his buddies moreover, playing with the community children (Irving 105). Washington develops the thesis of the story by use of irony. After meandering with his gun together with Wolf, his close companion, Rip trails himself into the higher parts of the mountains. Soon afterwards, Rip stumbles upon a stranger who was moving what looked like a barrel of liquor. Consequently, with the aid of the Hollands, moreover a whole day of mountain climbing, Rip falls into a solemn, deep slumber. Nevertheless when he wakes up, Rip does not know how long he has been sleeping or where both of his friends have gone off too. He woke up twenty years later, as an aged man and strolls back to his village; he is amazed by the transformations that have occurred. After some commotion, he is joined with his grown-up daughter and her children. The irony is further noticed in Rips coldness to Dame Van Winkle. He was bossed and chided, but he was satisfied. The owner of the bar, Nicholas Vedder dominated the conversations and views of the junto symbolize the colonial governors selected by the Crown. Even as he rarely spoke, his authority was constantly present. This reflects the inactive position the governors accommodated political affairs, as well as the colonists substantial respect for them. (Irving 109) Another irony to reflect on is the ways wherein Irving anticipates lots of of Thoreaus thoughts. Long prior to the retreat to Walden Pond, Washington introduces Rip Van Winkle as a happy mortal, of idiotic, well-oiled characters, who take the humanity easy, eat brown bread or white, any that can be got without difficulty, and would rather go hungry on a penny than labor for a pound which is very ironic. Nathaniel Hawthornes story Young Goodman Brown is saturated, with irony. At the beginning of the narrative a youthful Puritan husband leaves at sunset from his youthful Puritan wife. Faith, like the wife was suitably named, pushes her own appealing head into the street, allowing the wind to play with the pink ribbons which were on her cap, whereas she called to Goodman Brown. Nathaniel Hawthorne says that Faith is appropriately named, an ironic declaration since she later on in the evening, is being acknowledged into the congregation of devil-worshippers as a fresh convert to the evil cluster. The description of faith as pretty as well as her putting on pink ribbons, as a sign of cheerful outlook on life and youthful innocence is also ironic (Hawthorne 405). There is more irony in the Goodman Browns dialogue with the old man. He at first clings to his apparent purity of lineage furthermore claims that his father and grandfather had not deviated from the Puritanical lineage. The old man discovers that not only were his relatives acquainted with the abnormal path but well familiar the devil on an individual level. The irony inside this passage is seen when the devil assists Goodman Browns ancestors during the persecution of Indians and Quakers. There is definitely irony in the fact that it is the majority of the pious church people who emerge at the evil gathering inside the forest. The aged woman who bypasses Young Goodman Brown as well as the devil on the trail is recognized by Brown as the woman who taught her catechism. There is a remarkable irony to this vow because when Goodman Brown came back at dawn; he cannot look at his wife with the identical faith he had before. After Goodman Brown lastly met with the Devil, he asserts that the cause of his lateness was because Faith kept him back awhile. This proclamation has a double implication because his wife actually prevented him from being punctual for his meeting as well as his faith to God expressively delayed his gathering with the devil as well (Hawthorne 409). All through The Cask Of Amontillado, Poe uses dramatic and verbal irony to construct suspense, foreshadow the ending, and moreover add a touch of ghoulish humor. For instance the title cask meaning wine barrel is resulting from the same root statement used to structure casket, which means coffin. Accordingly, the cask symbolically represents Fortunatos casket. Secondly, Fortunatos name which is Italian implies good fortune, luck. Nevertheless, Fortunato is so unfortunate because he was heading to his death. Another element of irony is Fortunatos Costume. He dresses as a court clown. His celebratory outfit contrasts with the terrible fate that awaits him. Moreover, occasionally, the bell on top of his cone-shaped hat tinkles a nice comic feeling from Poe. Another aspect of irony is when Fortunato asks Montresor if he is a mason, signifying a member of the fraternal array of Freemasonry. It is ironic that Montresor says he is certainly a mason. Nevertheless, he is using the expression to mean a craftsman who constructs buildings using (Cecil 41). Poe also uses irony repeatedly in the dialogue. For instance, when Montresor meets Fortunato, he tells him that he is lucky they met. Later on, when Montresor pretends to be worried about Fortunatos scything cough as they go down into the tombs, he tells him that they have to go back because his health is precious. Fortunato tells him not to worry because the cough will not kill him. Montresor quickly agrees that the cough will not kill him; the audience can nearly see a devilish gleam within Montresors eyes, because he surely knew that Fortunato will die. He later opens a bottle of wine furthermore toasts Fortunato to his long life.

Qualities of a Good Parent

Qualities of a Good Parent What does it take to be a good parent? Being a parent is one of the most fulfilling experiences a person can have. There is a natural instinct that seems to come to a new parent, but there are bits of advice that can help when you are challenged in the growing up years. The most important thing however, that any parent can give their child, is a sense of being loved. A gentle cuddle, a little encouragement, appreciation, approval or even a smile can go a long way to boost the confidence and well-being of your children. Respect their privacy as you would want them to respect yours; for example, if you teach your child that your room is out of boundaries to them, respect the same with their room. Allow them to feel that once they enter their room they can know that no one will look through their drawers, or read their diary. Dont argue with your spouse in front of the children. If they are sleeping, argue quietly. Modern divorce rates have children feeling insecure and fearful when they hear parents bickering. In addition, children will learn to argue with each other the same way they hear their parents argue with each other. Show them that when people disagree, they can discuss their differences peacefully Give up your vices: gambling, alcohol and drugs can jeopardize your childs financial security. Smoking almost always introduces health hazards to your childs environment. Second-hand smoke has been linked to several respiratory ailments in children. It could also contribute to the early death of a parent. Alcohol and drugs might also introduce health hazards or violence to your childs environment. With a little patience and self-motivation you can be a great parent. Another quality making a good parent is being able to provide for the family with safety. This encompasses physical safety of the shelter, the financial safety of being able to meet the family’s financial needs and other forms of psychological safety. Most families in the global sense demand high degree of security and safety due to the uncertainties in the world. Financial security to prepare the family members for their future especially for the kids education is a crucial role that is a compliment for every parent. Another quality of a good parent is being able to listen to the voice of the family members and reacting effectively to their demands. Considering that nobody is perfect, when parents makes mistakes, they need to accept and correct their mistakes on good time and in good faith for the better of the family and society at large. Through this, a parent will be able to be a role model to the family. Though each social cultural setting has what the qualities of a good parent, a parent needs to realize that there is no parent who can be exclusively perfect. This therefore calls for parents to change some approaches while providing the best for the family. In every society, this list is endless; however, love, security and safety are among the best amenities that a good parent must provide for the family. By provision of these needs to the family members, a parent will be respected by the family members and the society while the parent will be able to control the whole family. The 9/11 Attacks:  My Splendor I awoke the morning of September 11th like any other day. Comfortably lying in my bed, warm and snug. I was dreaming and at total peace, oblivious to the world around me. Suddenly, I sprang up to the blaring sound of my pulsating alarm clock. The sun was up and shining into my bed room window. I got up, looked around, and observed the horizon with a disgruntled look on my face; admiring its beauty. I did not know it that chilly morning, when I turned my Tv to watch my favorite show Despierta America (Wake Up America) in English. And an a second all my splendor went down, it changed my perception about fear, my awareness about the national issues, and my view on the preciousness of life. The first, resolution the President George W. Bush made; was to respond to the attacks by sending troops to Irak and Afghanistan. A war was the decision that the President took as a defense to our nation. Was a fatal decision after we were suffering the loss of many innocent friends and families. And another hand a war it is always an extreme cost to the taxpayers. Are billions and billions of dollars which people is always going to opposed to this horrible decision. The second, effect of 9/11 attacks the government added new laws. All airports security around the nation are tighter then before. As well as governments buildings and colleges, also immigration laws had changed more then it was. A lot of us feel uncomfortable to travel because, they have to check from your luggage till your whole body and that is very uncomfortable. And sometimes I asked myself: Are we secure enough? The last of this fatal event leads to a down economy, that affects every one of us. Since those horrible attacks of 9/11, United States of America lost a lot of money and is an extreme debt. After that the prices of everything went higher, many people lost their jobs as a result of the economy, because of this many businesses are closing out and what is worst is the people who are losing their houses. In conclusion, the impact of 9/11 changed the United States of America in number of ways. Despite the horrific act of the 9/11 attacks, overall the United States has proven to be quite resilient as it has in the past in the wake of crises. Will the attacks happen again? if so where? Do you feel more secure? Is the nation safer today then September 11, 2011? 4. Qualities of a Good Parent Parenting can be joyous, but it can be challenging also. Many have the privilege of being parents and some Godparents. That is my situation. I cannot have children of my own but I have a Goddaughter, and if she had anything to say about me, she would say that I am a good Godparent. First, she would say â€Å"ma† (that is what Jasmine calls me) is a very good Godmother. She steps in just like a mother. I can remember one time we were having a very interesting conversation on boys and ma said, that you have to be careful with boys these days Jasmine, they out for one thing only child, and that’s sex! I gave her situations about my own life that she could relate to, now that she is in high school, she tells me, that she remembers the conversation on boys and that keeps her from having pre-marital sex. Second, she would tell people about my nieces and nephews, which I spend time with every chance I get. I also let them know in order to be something in life you have to make sacrifices. Never allow anyone to say you cannot accomplish things. Spending time with them is like a having children of my own. I discipline them also. You cannot be a good parent without some form of discipline. The bible say, â€Å"You spare the rod, you will spoil the child†. I believe that saying, not that you beat your children, but give some form of punishment; like timeout, taking their games, chores, and no TV. In order to show them that what they did was wrong. Some people however, do use physical punishment. Sometimes I wonder, is that good for the parent to give them whooping’s. My parent has only whooped us when we did very bad things, and all of us grew up to be good children. Third, Jasmine would tell others that I have a sense of humor underneath all that toughness. I love joking around with them and going on what we call adventure’s with â€Å"ma†. You never know where you will end up at on one of these trips, but you had better believe you would learn something from them. I remember taking them to the west side of Montgomery one time and they were so scared. This was to teach them to appreciate where you leave and what happens when you settle for less in life. Fourth, she would say that I am a good support person. She is at every game screaming out our name or giving shout out on Facebook to her Goddaughter, nieces, and nephews. She is there when we have fundraisers, needs a chaperone for a field trip, and however she can help, ma is there. You can say I have what it takes to be a good parent just ask my Goddaughter, nieces, or nephews. They all would agree. Just because you do not have children of your own you can no whether or not you will be a good parent. Parenting is something that you love being, and I love being a God mom and auntie, it is just like being a parent. Word Count: 543 Being Good Parents Being a good parent starts with having both a mother and a father; it takes two parents to have a child, so it takes two parents to raise a child. Being a good parent is to always love your kids unconditionally. Understanding your child is very helpful in being a good parent as well. Two parent households that have total involvement in a childs life, is the key to becoming a good parent. The start of good parenting begins with having both mother and father in the household. Raising a child is hard work, it’s even harder if you don’t have consistent help. Moms and dad raising children together make this job a little easier. There is always someone with the child, who is familiar with the child and has a familial bond with the child as well. A child having both parents in the household give the child structure and stability. Kids function well when they have a consistent place to stay, have one set of rules and understand that their parents love and support them. Part of being a good parent is to love your kids unconditionally. To love someone unconditionally is to love them regardless of what they do. Most kids do and say things that can break a parents heart. Whether it be lying, stealing or misbehaving in school, children can (and will) do many things to make parents not like them at the moment. Good parenting involves letting a child know that they are displeased with their actions, but still showing them love throughout the disciplinary process. Having both parents, disciplining, while showing their kids compassion is an essential part of being a good parent. Understanding your child can be a great help to good parenting. Knowing your child’s strengths and weaknesses will make parenting easier, through setting realistic goals for your children. If you as a parent have a quick temper and you see that your child displays the same characteristics, you can explain and teach them self control. If you know your child doesn’t like to be around crowds, then you can better help them by not going to the circus. Understanding who they are, a parent can put their children in better situations, so they can flourish into great adults. Oftentimes, parents who focus on a child’s strengths and helps them where they are weak, produce children parents are proud of. Being a good parent isn’t something that just happens. It takes work and dedication, trial and error. Good parents make mistakes and fall short of the mark as well. Good parents understand they need both parents there to effectively love and understand their children. Being totally involved in your child’s life is the sign of good parenting and good parent. What it takes to be a good parent? Someone once told me that it takes a village to raise a child. After having four of my own children I have found this statement to be very true. Raising a child is without a doubt one of the most difficult jobs that a person can be responsible for. While there are many components that make up a good parent I believe love, patience, and stability are the most important. Love is a symbol of a bond between a parent and child that forms when the baby is an embryo. It is an emotion that shows true affection for one another. Children are very alert in their young ages and can pick up on signals well. A child can sense when they are loved and also when they are being neglected. Love could possibly determine the path children will take. A child who is praised and comforted can cause them to excel in school because of the support system they have at home. On the other hand, a neglected child’s results may have the opposite affect. It may be harder for them to excel in school if they do not have the positive reinforcement at home. Behavior, too, may have the same effects on a loved versus neglected child. It is important to maintain equality between children no matter the age because kids can pick up on this easier than a parent. Patience is another hey factor in being a good parent. It is not always pleasant when dealing with children, especially through the toddler stage. As a mother of four I have learned that my children respond better when I am calm and relaxed rather than mad and aggressive. Parents, too, must understand that they are the one’s shaping their child’s life. Children imitate what they see other’s do and if patience is not practiced in the household, there is a good possibility that the child will not be patient. I try to talk to my kids’ everyday to build a good relationship. Helping with homework, asking how there day was, and what they learned builds our parent-child relationship. The environment that surrounds children plays a major part in a child’s life. I feel that stability in the home can make or break you. There are several cases where kids do overcome obstacles in the home and become very successful in the future but for the most part stability makes it easier. Stability to me is not necessarily having both parents present or possession of a lot of money. A single mother or father who adequately provides the necessities for their family is considered stable in my opinion. Again, raising a child is one of the most difficult jobs a parent is responsible for. Its like an investment, it requires many deposits before you can see a profit. Having love, patience, and stability can help make a better parent as well as a better child.

Total Quality Management Essay -- TQM essays research papers

Total quality Management, can be defined as ensuring all departments within any company is focused on achieving customers needs and organisational objectives, ensuring continuous improvement of all organisational processes, including employee participation, teamwork and leadership. If we break down total quality management even further total can be defined as: involving all, elements, participants, and resources with in the Company. While quality is producing or providing products or services of high quality, meeting customer requirements. And finally management must ensure quality is achieved and managed. With out full management co-operation, total quality management will never be successful. For any company to be successful the customer or suppliers whether they are external or internal for example a work colleague, satisfaction must always be seen as the first priority. To enable this, high quality products and continuous improvements in processes must be produced to mainta in a loyal customer base. Any company wishing to achieve success must establish a quality management system, which in turn will produce quality products and services, rather than just identify flawed products or services. With a quality management system it helps any company to achieve its goals and objectives by providing consistency and satisfaction in terms of processes, resources, and equipment and collaborates with all actions of the company. With a good quality system in place, it will reduce waste, lower costs, involve employees, raise moral and meet customer expectations. For a quality system to not function correctly will be down to poor leadership from managers by not giving a clear direction, departments not working together or accepting ... ...ment total quality management, tools and techniques are required. The tools being Pareto analysis, cause and effects diagrams, stratification, check sheets, histograms, scatter charts and process control charts, with examples of techniques being bench marking, cost of quality, quality function deployment, failure mode effects analysis and design of experiments. After using these tools and techniques, any company will need to establish whether there has been a degree of improvement, to deal with this they must utilize self-assessments or conduct regular audits. In conclusion total quality management is a management system used to continually improve all areas of company operations. If companies adopt any of the total quality management guru?s theories, , or even the lean principles, they will enhance the company, its workforce but most importantly its customers.

Detroit Riots :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many civil disorders have erupted across the United States. Racial tensions were at a highpoint in the 1960’s with riots and looting throughout the major cities in the United States. This was not such a problem in the rural areas but the urban areas had serious racial problems between black and white people. Throughout the 1960’s blacks and whites clearly demonstrated that they had many problems living segregated in the urban areas. It was a civil explosion that you can clearly see from the Detroit riots in 1967. Detroit experienced the worst civil disorder of any American city in the 20th century. Prior to July 23, 1967 Detroit had managed to avoid riots that had erupted in other major cities such as Harlem, Cleveland, Chicago, and Los Angeles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At 3:45 a.m. on Sunday July 23, 1967 twelve officers did a routine raid in a Blind Pig on 12th street. There were 82 people arrested. As the last squad car was loading with prisoners, a crowd of about 200 people gathered. They made threats towards the police and incited the crowd that had gathered. The squad car began to leave and the crowd began to throw bottles and rocks, which shattered the back window of the squad car. This started off the worst riot of the 20th century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shortly after 5 a.m. stores were being broken into, rocks and bricks were smashing through windows. By 11 a.m. a crowd of about a thousand people were surrounding a smaller crowd of about a hundred or so people that were swarming the streets taunting the police and firemen. After that the looting began to take off in different spots all over the entire city.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the second day of rioting the Mayor issued a curfew. All people had to be off the streets between 9 p.m. and 5:30 a.m. and no alcoholic beverages were to be sold or possessed which was not followed the rioters. At 12:25 the first death was reported. A 45 year-old white male life was claimed when he was shot by a white store owner who claimed the man was looting his store. This was only the beginning for the many more fatalities that continued throughout the riots.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The burning and looting continued throughout the night. An entire block was reported on fire in the area of Dexter and Davison. This was just one of the some 1,680 fires that would be set during the riots and looting.

Human Resource Information System Essay

The function of human resources (HR) departments is generally administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. Efficient and effective management of â€Å"Human Capital† progressed to an increasingly imperative and complex process. The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary. To reduce the manual workload of these administrative activities, organizations began to electronically automate many of these processes by introducing specialized human resource management systems. HR executives rely on internal or external IT professionals to develop and maintain an integrated HRMS. Before the client–server architecture evolved in the late 1980s, many HR automation processes were relegated to mainframe computers that could handle large amounts of data transactions. In consequence of the high capital investment necessary to buy or program proprietary software, these internally developed HRMS were limited to organizations that possessed a large amount of capital. Raija and Hlonen (2009) described the role of information systems in the process of combining district organizations which use information system in financial administration, HRM and social welfare. They explored the role of IS in decision-making in public sector. The lack of inter-opera ability between legacy systems and new information systems was perceived as a huge problem. In the present situation of our economy, most of the companies used manual system in their company, also some are using computerized system which lessen the expenses and saves time. An effective and well-designed Human Resource Information System shall make it easier to manage record, update files and retrieve records in Employee records. Confidentially, accuracy and integrity are maintained. The use of computer enables user to minimize efforts to do a certain job or action nowadays. When the Information Technology emerged, it gave a great impact when it comes to business problems especially when it comes to data entry accuracy, managing data’s and retrievals. Dr. Karishna & Meena (2010) identified the various functional areas to which ICT is deployed for information administration in Higher Education institutions. Current level of usage indicates a clear integration of ICT for managerial or information based administration in higher education institutes. Matthew &Douglas (2009) analyzed that nature of developing IS in any organization is characterized by multi dimensional and often messy problems, involving technical organizations and personal dimensions. David et al(2010) analyzed the main traits of efficient firms and the main sources of firm’s efficiency through samples of catalan firms. Firms efficiency shows a significant improvement when advanced ICT uses are combined with human resource practices, Dileep (2010) indicate that HRIS is an integration of HRM and information systems. HRIs helps HR managers perform HR functions in a more effective and systematic way using technology. HRIs system usually a part of the organization’s larger management information system which would include accounting, production and marketing functions. Ikhlas & Zaid (2010) indicate that the quick response and access to information were the main benefits of HRIS implementation. They also identified the cultural and financial barriers to the implementation of HRIS. Kristine & David (2010) identified the implementations or upgradation of HRIS has been undertaken with the aim of utilizing HRM functions.. Barriers also associated with the acceptance of new or upgraded HRIS.HRIS play an important role in shaping user perception and behavior. The addition of information technology to the human resource industry has revolutionized the contemporary workplace. HR professionals now have an increased capacity not only to gather information, but also to store and retrieve it in a timely and effective manner. This has not only increased the efficiency of the organization but also the effectiveness of management functions. New technology has also created opportunities for higher levels of stress for younger and older workers alike (Mujtaba, Afza, and Habib, N. (2011), unethical temptations and behaviors (Mujtaba, 2011), and opportunities for better leadership practices (Mujtaba and Afza, 2011). After delivering our suggestions for the Customer Appreciation Program, Kudler has asked us to evaluate the Human Resource Department, to see what changes need to made, to make the process better and smoother. Before making suggestions, we have to analyze their current setup. The Human Resources Department is a valuable department, so we want to assure that Kudler’s is running smoothly and efficiently. Kudler’s current HR Department is setup in the following manner: they use Quick Books and outsourced their payroll to Intuit. Intuit tracks all the following information for each employee. They track the employee’s personal information, pay rate, tax exemptions, hire date, seniority date, and organizational information. Changes to any of this information, can only be change by submitting a special form in writing by the employee’s supervisor and entered by the accounting clerk. The accounting clerk also keeps a file with the appropriate tax forms for each employee and all changes to employee data. The employees turn in manual time sheets weekly, which are approved by the store manager. The time sheets are then faxed to accounting, where they are entered for payroll. All changes have to be approved by the direct supervisor and store manager. Each store manager is responsible for keeping the files of their employees. They are kept in a locked file and include the following information: job application or resume, performance reviews, I-9 forms, and any disciplinary memos or performance management issues. The managers are also responsible for tracking any time off, which includes vacations.

Key Elements of a Valid Contract and Their Importance Essay

I. Task 1: Explain the different types of business agreement and importance of the key elements required for the formation of a valid contract. 1. Key elements of a valid contract and their importance: Contract is very important in the business to bind one or more parties with the others. Hence, contract is defined as an agreement which legally binds the parties[1]. Contract is also an agreement made between two or more parties that create rights and obligations enforceable by law. They have to follow all the conditions in contracts and can not break it. There are three basic requirements that need to be satisfied in order to make a contract: An agreement; consideration; intention and capacity 1.1.An agreement: 1.1.1.Offer: Offer is one of two parts of an agreement. An offer is defined promise to  be bound on specific terms[2]. Generally, it’s accompanied by an expected acceptance. Offeror is the person who making an offer. Offeree is the one who accepts the offer. For example, the offeror makes an offer to purchase a car. If the offeree agrees, there is an agreement between two parties. An invitation to treat is not an offer, it’s only the invitation the other to make an offer. For instance, the advertising goods for sale through television or newspaper. An offer can be withdrew before the offeree reaches the offer or revoked before offeree’s acceptance. 1.1.2.Acceptance: Acceptance of the offer is the qualified agreement to the terms of the offer[3]. An acceptance is in oral , writing or in other communications. When an offer has been made, no contract is formed until the offeree accepts the offer. In addition, acceptance must be final and unconditional and communicated to the offeror. According to postal rule, the acceptance occurs when the letter is posted. The postal rule is not apply to instantaneous mode of communication. 1.2. Consideration: Consideration is usually described as being something which represents either some benefit to the person making a promise( the promisor) or some detriment to the person to whom the promise is made( the promisee) or both[4]. A consideration can be executory (a promise in return for a promise) or executed (an act in return for a promise), but not past. For instance, in the case Roscorla & Thomas(1942)[5]. In addition, the consideration doesn’t have to be adequate but must be sufficient. Furthermore, consideration must be legal, clear, certain and not be illusory. 1.3.Intention to create legal relations and capacity to contract: Intention to create legal relations: there are two kinds of intention: Domestic Agreement and Commercial Agreement. In every domestic agreement between the people who have special relationship, there is no intention to create legal relations. If there is evidence of commercial substance in domestic agreements, there is intention to create legal relation. In contract, the commercial agreements are usually intended to be legally binding. Beside the agreement, consideration and  intention, there is also capacity to contract. Capacity refers to ability of parties to fully understand the rights and obligations of an agreement. However, there are some groups which are unable to enter into binding contract: Minors, drunkards, bankrupt, mentally incapacitated. 2. Different types of business agreement: There are two types of business agreement: consumer non-consumer. 2.1.Consumer:  A person will be considered as a customer if he doesn’t make the contract in business but the other parties make. The goods which customer buy must be use for private purpose. Consumers have legislative protection from unfair terms in consumer contracts. A supplier of goods or services can have an advantage over the consumer by including such an unfair term in a contract. however, consumer contracts are open to a test of fairness. Specifically, a consumer is a person who is buying a service or a product for themselves from someone whose normal business it is to sell that product or service. When you buy goods or services you enter into a contract with the supplier of goods and services. This is called a consumer contract. The example typical example is R&B customs Brokers and United Dominions Trust Ltd 1988[6], this case is considered as a consumer sale, the company is not in the course of business. 2.2.Non-consumer: Non- consumer contract is the contract which is made between two or more parties which are in the course of business. NN .;,LJLKLKMLMKLMKLM , M. For example, company A buy televisions from company B. the resell the products to customers and make a profit. In this case, the company A is considered as non-consumer. II. Claim 1: There are two parties in this case: Trung and supplier. Trung saw an advertisement in the local paper for nearly new machine. The advertisement read: â€Å" A cutting machine $7,000 or nearest offer. In good working order. Recently tested, approved and guaranteed by the Ministry of works. Delivered to your address if within a 15 mile radius of our address†. The  advertisement is an invitation to treat. Trung purchased the machine over the telephone and waited for delivery. An invoice was sent for 7,000$ and it was paid. In this case, the invitation to treat of supplier becomes an offer and Trung agreed to purchase it. It’s a good consideration between the supplier and Trung. Hence, there is a contract. However, the machine never arrived. In this situation, the supplier breach the contract. The supplier of the machine claimed that Trung should have paid for delivery and that he had sold it to another customer, Sam for 8,500$. The supplier is prepared to return Trung’s cheque for $7,000. Situation 1: The way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is within a 15 miles. The supplier offered Trung to buy the machine and free delivery fee to his address if within a 15 miles radius of his address. In addition, the length of the way from Trung’s place to supplier’s place is 15 miles. Therefore, Trung can sue the supplier for breaching of the contract. Situation 2: The way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is more than 15 miles. The supplier offered that the delivery fee will be free if the length of the delivery way is within 15 miles. However, the way from supplier’s place to Trung’s place is more than 15 miles. Thus, Trung must pay the delivery fee in order to own the machine. III. Claim 2: There are two parties in this case: Robert( the husband) and Theresa( the wife). Robert and Theresa are planning to divorce. They have spent their married life in a house which they bought in joint names, with the help of a mortgage which has six years still o run. Robert and Theresa agree that Robert will move out of the house and if Theresa meets the mortgage repayments for the next six years, Robert will, at the end of that time, transfer sole ownership of the house to her. There is a domestic agreement between Robert and Theresa. Hence, there is no legally binding between the couple. However, Theresa pays the mortgage for a year, at which point Robert says he has changed his mind, and doesn’t intend to transfer his share of the house to her. Thus, there is evidence of commercial substance of Robert. . It’s similar to the case Merritt& Merritt, 1970 6. Therefore, Theresa can sue him for breaching of contract. If Robert had changed his mind before Theresa had started paying the mortgage, the offer can be revoked any time before the acceptance of Theresa. Hence, Theresa can not sue Robert for  breaching of the contract. If there is the same case, the husband should be careful and consider about his benefit when he decide to transfer the owner ship to his wife. In addition, the wife should get divorced with her husband before making a contract to be sure that she will own the house when she finishes paying the mortgage. IV. Claim 3: There are 3 parties in this case: Tung, Linh and the hotel. Tung is 16 years old and his friend, Linh is 19 years old. In this case, Tung is in minor group and he is unable to make a contract and irresponsible for all he acts. Tung books the hotel as part of the contract he states that all drinks and extra food are to be put on the bill. The hotel asks for a deposit of $500 which Tung pays but does not state his age. In this situation, there is a contract between Tung and the hotel. However, Tung is in minor group so he is unable to make a contract but the hotel didn’t check and care about his age. One night, Linh became hopelessly drunk, did not know what she was doing and damaged hotel hotel property. Linh was in drunkard and she caused the damages for the hotel. Although she was hopelessly drunk, she only needn’t to pay the damages when she was making the contract. According to Law of Torts, Linh caused the damages and did the legal wrong acts. Hence, Linh must pay for the damages which was caused by her in this case. The following day they were asked to leave the hotel. They refused to pay the outstanding bills and the hotel gave them a bill for $10000 for the damage they caused. The contract was made between Tung and the hotel. However, the hotel did’t ask his age and allowed him to hire the room. Hence, this is the hotel’s wrong action and Tung needn’t to pay for the outstanding bill of him and Linh. On the other hand, Tung is in minor group so his parents must pay for the outstanding bills. Therefore, in this case, Linh must pay $ 10.000 for the hotel’s damages. Tung and Linh needn’t to pay for the outstanding bills. However, Tung’s parents must pay for the bill. If Linh made a contract with the hotel and Tung didn’t make it, Linh must pay the outstanding bills for the hotel. Linh is more than 18 years old and she must respond for all her acts. Therefore, the outstanding bill must be paid by Linh and there is no wrong action of the hotel. If there is a similar case, the hotel should ask for the customer’s age before accepting him to hire the room. V. Task 4: Explain the differences among conditions, warranties and innominate terms with examples to illustrate. 1. Conditions:  The condition is defined as a term which is vital to the contract , going to the root of the contract[7]. When a condition is breached, the injured party can sue for the damages. For example, in the case Poussard and Spiers (1876)8, the singer can not sue the company because she breached the condition of the contract. Singing in an opera throughout a series of performance is considered as fundamental to the contract . 2. Warranties: Warranties is a less important term. It does not go to the root of the contract, but is subsidiary to the main purpose of the agreement 8. The warranty terms can be breached without highly important consequences. For example, in the case Bettini and Gye, 1876[8], the breach of the clause is considered as breach of warranty. Hence, the producer must accept the opera singer’s services 3. Innominate terms: The Innominate term is the term which is not a condition term or warranty term. The decision will depend on the nature and effect of the breach. If the effects are serious, the term will act as a condition. In contrast, If the effect of the breach is minor and not serious, the warranty term can be considered. For example, in the case Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd and Kawasaki Ltd(1962)[9] VI. Task 5: What do you understand about law on standard form contracts and give examples. The standard form contract is a standard document prepared by many large organizations and setting out the terms on which they contract with their customers. The individual must usually take it or leave it: he does not really† agree to it†[10]. There are some important features of standard contract. For instance, it’s often used by large corporation or as an attempt to limit liability for damages or losses. The standard form of contract is also used to delayed by the party presenting the standard form agreement[11]. In addition, the company’s representative and customers have no authority to negotiate the standard terms contract. In addition, the standard form contract is also defined as a contract between two parties  that does not allow for negotiation. It is often a contract that is entered into between unequal bargaining partners, such as when an individual is given a contract by the salesperson of a multinational corporation[12]. However, the standard form contract is rarely read. Although the information is discovered, the people might have no time to read it. The expected payoff from reading the contract is low and few people would be expected to read it. However, Standard form contracts may exploit unequal power relations. Once the goods is really important to the customer and they must accept the standard form of contract in order to own the goods. The consumer must accept the standard provisions and does not have the ability to change those terms . This problem may be mitigated if there are many suppliers of the good who can potentially offer different terms. This issue might extenuate if there mare more suppliers who can offer different terms. This is one typical example for standard form of contract: The Franchisee Plaintiffs’ arguments that the forum selection clause is unconscionable and that it is a contract of adhesion may be taken together. â€Å"An unconscionable bargain is one which no man in his senses and not under delusion would make on the one hand, and †¦ no honest and fair man would accept on the other.† The fact that the Franchise Agreement was presented on a take it or leave it basis and was not subject to negotiation renders it neither a contract of adhesion nor unconscionable[13]. VII. Claim 7: 1. The Claim: There are three parties in this case: Thanh, Tung and another party. Thanh won a contract to refurbish a blocks of 20 flats, the work to be completed within 12 weeks. There is a contract between Thanh and another party to refurbish the blocks. He subsequently subcontracted with Binh to install central heating in each of the flats for a fixed price of $20,000; $10,000 of which was to be paid on completion and the rest being paid in weekly installments. In this case, Thanh promised to pay Binh half of money. Binh agreed to complete the work in 12 weeks. There is an agreements between Binh and Thanh. Hence, there is a contract. After 6 weeks, Binh is unable to finish the work in 12 weeks because he had underpriced the work involved. After that, Thanh offered to pay Binh an addition $500 for each flat so long  as they were all furnished before the due completion date. According to Force Majeure, when the parties can foresee that difficulties are likely to arise but the parties can not foresee their precise nature or extent, Force majeure is applied[14]. Thus, it’s Thanh’s duty to pay more money for Binh to work. Binh carried on†¦work on the flats. In this case, Thanh ran out of money and he agreed to pay $5,000 of the money outstanding from the originary agreement. At this time, Binh has a consideration but Thanh didn’t. It’s not an agreement between Binh and Thanh. After that, Thanh awarded a prize $10,000. Thus, it’s Thanh’s duty to pay Binh this amout of money because the contract was made between Binh and Thanh. All in all, Thanh must pay Binh $10,000 of his award prize. 2. The Effects of Exlusion Clause: An exclusion clause is a clause which seeks to release one of the parties from liability should something go wrong with the contract[15]. Sometimes, the contract are unfair with some of the parties. Thus, the exclusion clauses will avoid liability for certain breaches of the contract. An exclusion clause must be incorporated into contract before it has legal effect. There are three ways of exemption clause which might be incorporated into a contract: by signature, reasonable notice and previous course of dealing. When a term is unusual, the attention of other parties is drawn to it when the contract is made. The example is in case Interfoto Picture Ltd and Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd 1988[16]. However, there are some people or organizations who rely on the exclusion clause to make benefit for themselves, the court will interpret any ambiguity. It means that the terms must be clear and specific to be easy for other parties to understand. For example, in the case Hollier and Rambler Motors 1972[17], the acts of the garage can be considered as the negligence. Reference pages: 1. Common law, BPP professional Education 2. Contract Law, Catherine Elliott and Frances Quinn 3. http://www.citizensinformation.ie/categories/consumer-affairs/consumer-protection/consumer-rights/unfair_terms 4. http://www.bluemaumau.org/contract_adhesion 5. http://www.innovation.gov.au/General/OSB-marketsSection/Pages/WorkingwithContractsStandardformcontracts.aspx 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_form_contract

The Unsolved Murder

English 102 The Unsolved Murders In the novel The Secrets of The Unadilla, by Richard Sullivan, one of the characters name, Pelican Stride, is the most mysterious character in the book whose true sides are revealed as the book unfolds. In the beginning of the novel, Pelican’s true appearance is just a horrible boss who thinks the workers are his own property and for that he treats them with no consideration. As the book develops throughout the last two chapters, Pelican is met for the first time, along the information about him and his background is revealed. Pelican’s secrets are ultimately unveiled at the end of the ook. To Pelican Stride he thinks he played the game pretty well but deep down inside he’s just a pathetic man who has nothing to live for. At the start of the novel, Pelican is seen as a Newspaper owner named, The National Informers, who loves to eat Chinese food and fires his employees whenever he feels like. Pelican is very mysterious because he a lways remains in his office or his house no one ever seen him anywhere else, and is not actually met until the last two chapter of the book. As the book progresses, Pelican is eventually met and information is revealed about his background.Pelican was very rude, careless, and selfish, who thinks everybody but his mother deserved to die because they are just on his way. When Pelican used to live at The Unadilla Apartments building his name was Zaboo. Back then he committed a crime, he pushed a woman name Eleanor Eddowes out of her apartment window because he thought the women was the reason why his uncle made his mother cry so much. So, he made an end at his mother’s sufferance. After more than thirty five years he received a letter from an unknown person but, the letter was for Robert Knight, the reporter he handed the story to and asked to.To Pelican, that was a challenge he knew that knight wasn’t going to be able ou to solve the mystery. Knight now lives in The Unad illa and several people who were around in the 1930s may be suspects. â€Å"As Robert gets close to discovering the truth, he comes even closer to becoming a victim himself. †(http://www. firstonepublishing. com) As Robert Knight investigation begins, he found out that Eleanor Eddowes was push from the apartment window he lives in. He interviewed everyone in the building but no one could tell him what happened that day or who killed Eleanor. Two people he nterviewed got killed, one name Carrie Robeson and the other Alma Finn. He didn’t know the reason they got killed but as the reader I know they got killed because they were the only two tenants who knew what happened and were willing to come forward. After all the murder of Eleanor Eddowes remain unsolved and Robert knight gave up the investigation because it was a dead end. Thereafter, Pelican stride was sitting in his office thinking about what he has done. He was explaining how he killed Eleanor, â€Å"he remember knocking on her door, going inside her apartment, then kicking some of her furniture with his shoe so that he ruin it.He punched her in the chest! Then he pushed her out the window. He kept in mind that it was easy to kill. †(Sullivan, 225) Pelican is a psychopath. When he threw Carrie Robeson down the stairs he said was doing her a favor and he did the same for Alma Finn, he pushed her out of her apartment window. After more than thirty five years he was sitting in his office feeling proud that no one could solve the murder and give justice to three ladies that he killed. He also said it would have been good to have some challenge. To conclude reading this book as been a great experience it as like being in a movie theater watching a movie. A lot of suspense took place but the murder ended up unsolved. Pelican Stride was a good criminal. He was the type of criminal who kept his secret by screwing his only witness. If Robert Knight had been more intelligent, the murder could have been solved and these women would have find they justice and Pelican would have lose everything he posses and go to prison, WorksCited Sullivan, Richard. The Secrets of The Unadilla. Florida: Karen Hunter Media, 2009. Print. â€Å"The Secrets Of The Unadilla. †firstonepublishing. com. Web.

Two factors which affected the Stuart economy of 1600-1660

The Stuart economy is always difficult to analyse. Unfortunately due to incomplete records we only have a rough idea of the economic growth that England underwent during this era. For example we do not have fully accurate records that state the exact population size at the time. We also therefore do not have accurate records on the economy either but from parish records and events during this period it is still possible to make informed conclusions on what the economy was like, and the factors that stimulated it. The first thing that is important to study when discussing the economy is the population size. According to records found in parishes at the time population was generally on the increase and rose from 4 to 5 million between 1600 and 1660. However although the population did rise considerably it was certainly not a steady increase and went through phases of decline as well as increase. Surprisingly, according to information now available, some year's burial rates were actually higher than baptism rates, suggesting a population decline. However due to the fact that these records are sometimes incomplete it is not possible to give completely accurate figures about the changes in population during this era. Some historians argue that these changes in population growth point to the fact that the Stuart economy was vastly agrarian. This theory is widely accepted as being true, it successfully answers the reason for very drastic changes in the population size in some areas as agrarian economy can be easily dislocated by bad winters and poor harvests. Also the records of bad harvests coincide with drops in population during this period, suggesting that the economy of the Stuart era was finding it very difficult to keep up with demand. In order to combat this rise in demand, farmers would need to innovate and experiment with new crops in order to compete. Some historians argue that this period due to the population increase led to a ‘farming revolution' as there is evidence that many villages adopted the concept of enclosure in order to become more productive. This commercialisation of farming is thought by many to be more popular than the previously adopted method of subsistence farming. (Growing enough to feed you and your immediate family. ) This technique of enclosure meant farmers were able to be more productive and meet higher demands and is generally accepted as a more efficient system than subsistence farming. This enclosure method of once community owned fields is thought to be the start of early capitalism in England, the commercialisation of the fields is therefore thought to be brought about by the pressures of a population on the increase. But were farmers of this period willing to innovate, experiment and try new techniques? Evidence found in the diary of an ordinary farmer of the period is a strong argument that farmers were willing to trial new crops. Robert Loder left a diary concerning his farming and the changes he made to his techniques and crops. It is possible to assume that this ordinary farmer was one of many who experimented in order to boost their production. However it is still possible to argue that there was a strong amount of conservative farmers who did not adopt these new techniques but there is no evidence to suggest this. Some historians also use examples such as the adoption of tobacco crops in England as a key piece of evidence for how adventuress and innovative farmers could be once convinced of the potential of the new farming enterprise. Despite the evidence presented for innovation and experimentation there is strong evidence that suggests that farmers struggled to keep up with demand. Sources found for some areas of England suggest that there were huge rises in prices during this period due to inflation. This evidence is known as the Phelps Brown price index. Although this is one of the most commonly used sources, due to lack of information it only covers certain areas of England, mainly the south meaning that it is hard to generalise these price rises across England however it is the best information available. This rise in prices is evidence suggesting that the farmers of the Stuart economy had great difficulty despite all their innovation and experimentation to keep up with demand. However some historians still disagree. So the key question still unanswered is whether the farmers were able to keep up with constantly growing demand. Obviously it is highlighted by bad harvests how susceptible the agrarian economy was to very cold long winters and the obvious problems this could create. However equally it can be argued that through innovation and experimentation farmers managed to meet demand, however evidence of heavy inflation during the Stuart period leads many historians to the conclusion that resources were scarce and that the economy due to reliance on uncontrollable variables such as weather was not able to keep up with demand. However on the other hand it is argued by some that the farmers willingness to implement new techniques and methods of farming lead to increased productivity and was able to keep up with increased demand. However due to lack of concrete evidence this issue is still in many historians' opinions open to interpretation. Another key factor in the development of the Stuart economy was industry. Although industry only made up for around 10% of the economy it is still an important area to analyse to have a full understanding of the economic changes to took place in the Seventeenth century. Firstly it is commonly thought that the English industrial techniques were inferior to those of Europe. Most goods were thought to have been produced at home and sold locally. This technique of production suggests an undeveloped industry in England, however these limitations in manufacturing were overcome via exportation to the advanced Europe. The main industry in England at this time was textiles, located in East Anglia. In this period unfinished woollen cloth would be produced and then exported to other countries in order to create a finished product, such as the Netherlands who were thought to be the leading industrial nation of the times. The reason for exporting was purely because England lacked the techniques and resources to manufacture such products. As farming was the leading source of income in England it is thought that many industrial workers were involved in agriculture as well as the manufacturing of textiles. Although many combined farming with manufacturing and production some did seek industry as full-time employment usually through the ‘putting-out system'. Besides textiles England also produced coal, mainly mined in the north-east of England. As London grew in population the North East was able to produce more and more coal to meet demands, although limitations in technology prevented mining below the surface. However transporting vast quantities of coal is thought by many historians to have been a problem. Roads in this period were thought to be in quite a bad state, and therefore much of the coal mined was transported by sea. This transportation via sea is important. In order to transport such great amounts of coal England you would need a merchant fleet and Royal Navy to provide protection. Despite these measures the fleets that travelled between the North-East and London still suffered attacks during the wars England had with the Dutch. This is evident when we look at the prices of coal and see that prices doubled during this period suggesting heavy losses from attack. In conclusion it is probably right to suggest that industry looked for short-term solutions to meet the demands it faced, although no new techniques or technological advances are evident, this period did see the development of external trade, a key feature of the Stuart economy with the development of overseas colonies. However it can be argued that changes in agriculture and innovation were more significant, however it is still somewhat important to understand that the Stuart economy did not just rely on agriculture alone.